Essays

Long-form writing from leading scholars and commentators on history, statecraft, warfare, philosophy and culture.

Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky pictured at a press conference during meeting of Coalition of the Willing' leaders at the Hotel des Invalides in Paris, France on July 13 2026
essays

What Zelensky must learn from war leaders past

The history of modern warfare suggests that leaders who are ruthless towards failing ministers and generals are best able to keep their armed forces innovative on the battlefield.

Peter Caddick-Adams August 5, 2026
The Prime Minister of Japan, Sanae Takaichi. Credit: SOPA Images Limited
essays

Nostalgia hinders Takaichi’s vision for Japan

Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi wants to raise Japan’s game. But, given her reputation as a pioneer, she is remarkably backward-looking.

Bill Emmott July 29, 2026
German propaganda lithograph showing the nine-day winter battle on the Masurian Lakes from 8 to 16 February 1915.
essays

The Russo-German struggle for a Baltic empire

During the great conflicts of the 20th century, Russia and Germany waged a bitter struggle for control of the Baltic Sea and its surrounding territories, forcing profound transform..

Peter Haldén July 27, 2026
General Montgomery watches his tanks move up in North Africa.
essays

The age of the genius general is over

British commanders are still trained to prize the flash of intuitive brilliance. In an age of AI and autonomous systems, that instinct may prove actively regressive.

Edward Stringer July 24, 2026
The Course of Empire by Thomas Cole.
essays

How civilisations fall, according to Gibbon

Two hundred and fifty years after the first volume of the Decline and Fall, Edward Gibbon's diagnosis of why Rome collapsed is a warning to our own age.

Paul Cartledge July 22, 2026
A depiction of the Battle of the Sound (1658), a naval battle fought between Sweden and the Dutch Republic, by an unknown artist.
essays

The early modern battle for Baltic supremacy

Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the Baltic Sea witnessed a series of epic struggles between powers seeking to dominate the region's waterways and those who wished to prise the..

Peter Haldén July 17, 2026
A postage stamp printed in China in 2014 celebrates the 30th Anniversary of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration (CHINARE).
essays

Inside China’s great game for the Arctic

The People's Republic of China has long harboured ambitions in the High North, and now seeks to extend its influence by exploiting the effects of climate change and rifts within th..

George Magnus July 15, 2026
Jean Béraud's painting 'Paris, rue du Havre', c. 1882.
essays

Belle Époque Paris and the creation of French soft power

The Paris of the Belle Époque continues to fascinate, with its burgeoning commercial culture, everyday beauty and glittering department stores.

Marie Daouda July 14, 2026
A surgeon manipulates the controls of a robot that operates on a patient.
essays

Surgery and the limits of the robotic ideal

Robot-assisted surgery is already routine practice. But the dream of a machine operating alone underestimates the practical judgement, learned over decades, that makes a surgeon a ..

Aurélien Guéroult July 13, 2026

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