Essays

Long-form writing from leading scholars and commentators on history, statecraft, warfare, philosophy and culture.

Relief depicting the figure of Lycurgus (left), the legendary lawgiver of Sparta and Solon (middle), his Athenian counterpart, and the Light of Wisdom (right). US Supreme Court, Washington DC.
essays

Athens and Sparta’s epic struggle for supremacy

The rival city-states were radically different expressions of a wider Classical Greek world, with each representing a divergent – and competing – experiment in how to organise huma..

Adrian Goldsworthy April 17, 2026
1806 satirical cartoon by James Gillray depicting John Bull and Napoleon Bonaparte separated by a wall labeled 'Island of Blockade'.
essays

How to wage economic warfare

Economic warfare works slowly, gradually imposing ever higher costs on the enemy. But there is no single trick that causes an adversary's war effort to falter.

Duncan Weldon April 17, 2026
A weathered UN buffer zone sign in the 'green line' dividing North and South Cyprus in Nicosia.
essays

Can the United Nations survive?

Eighty years since its creation, the UN is struggling to compete in an ever more fragmented geopolitical landscape, in which rival organisations present a fundamental challenge to ..

Peter Caddick-Adams April 15, 2026
An engraving showing European statesmen assembled at the 1815 Congress of Vienna, based on a painting by Jean-Baptiste Isabey.
essays

The lost art of statecraft

The great European statesmen of the 19th century understood that diplomacy is a fine art, which requires a cultivated mind and the courage to cross narrow disciplinary boundaries.

Ioannes Chountis de Fabbri April 13, 2026
A triptych of photos showing Adolf Eichmann at his trial in Jerusalem, in 1961.
essays

The Eichmann trial changed the world

The trial of the Nazi bureaucrat Adolf Eichmann in 1961 was a pivotal moment in the history of the young Israeli state, allowing a collective outpouring of grief over the horrors o..

Keith Lowe April 10, 2026
A member of the American Jewish Congress participating in the 1965 Montgomery March, advocating for civil rights.
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A Jewish-American dream

The largest Jewish community in the world is defined by its deep integration into the US national story, longstanding liberal traditions and scepticism towards Israeli governments.

Colin Shindler April 9, 2026
A 17th-century French engraving showing the Strait of Hormuz.
essays

Chokepoints are the true crossroads of history

From the voyages of Portuguese explorers to the era of British naval supremacy, narrow maritime straits have provided a focal point for religious fervour, commercial exchange and g..

Damian Valdez April 8, 2026
Wall painting of Che Guevara and Hugo Chavez in Havana, Cuba.
essays

Trump’s Venezuela playbook may falter in Havana

Venezuela is Trump’s acid test for reordering the Western Hemisphere, but pursuing regime change in Cuba presents a far greater challenge.

Joseph Ledford April 7, 2026
A woodcut of a scene from Virgil's Georgics.
essays

What Hamnet owes to Virgil’s Georgics

Maggie O’Farrell’s 'Hamnet' and its 2025 film adaptation draw extensively on Virgil’s 'Georgics', showing how the classical tradition continues to illuminate enduring human questio..

Orlando Gibbs April 6, 2026

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