Essays

Long-form writing from leading scholars and commentators on history, statecraft, warfare, philosophy and culture.

A voluptuary under the horrors of digestion Js. Gy. design et fecit., JAMES GILLRAY. Wiki creative commons.
essays

George IV: a very decadent Prince

George IV was a dissolute dandy and sybarite - but he was also a brilliant patron of the arts.

Saul David July 31, 2020
Habsburgs map
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In defence of the Habsburgs

The failure of the Austro-Hungarian order spelt the end of the most cosmopolitan culture in Europe's history.

Richard Swartz July 30, 2020
Portuguese pedestrians walk over a world map on the pavement beneath the Monument of Discoveries, Lisbon. The world's landmass is represented here in a tiled mosaic that Portugal is famous for and citizens walk across this depiction of their planet like giants on a mini-sized map. Located in Bel��m, on the bank of the River Tagus where the monument celebrates an era of adventure, expansion and colonial ambition. Within a circular frame, the ornate map shows an almost ancient world minus its geopolitical borders.
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On the myth of multiculturalism

Without a vision or programme of a different society or future, the left has retreated to pluralism and the idiom of choice as its most radical idea.

Russell Jacoby July 29, 2020
war cartoon
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What makes a man die for his country?

Dying to defend territory is an ancient human need - but war in the 21st century may not follow the script.

Christopher Coker July 28, 2020
Æthelstan and the forging of a United Kingdom of England 
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Æthelstan and the forging of a United Kingdom of England 

The story of how, over the course of three generations, the royal dynasty of Wessex went from near oblivion to fashioning a kingdom that still endures today is the most remarkable ..

Tom Holland July 28, 2020
Wiki Creative Commons
essays

When did sexual decadence lose its association with social decline?

Once, illicit sex was believed to be the ultimate transgression and a danger to society. Since the Enlightenment, attitudes have grown more tolerant.

Faramerz Dabhoiwala July 27, 2020
The great American inventor Thomas Edison is surrounded by his creations
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You are not as clever as you think

The history of man is a story of mimicry and copying rather than innovation and 'light-bulb moments'.

Mark Pagel July 27, 2020
Idealized depiction of Carthage from the 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle, Michel Wolgemut, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff - Self-scanned
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Why the idea of Carthage survived Roman conquest

The Romans burnt Carthage's books and buildings - but 'Punic' identity remained influential throughout Antiquity.

Richard Miles July 24, 2020
Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram, painted by Horace Vernet
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Napoleonic Europe: how the Emperor built a continent

Napoleonic geopolitics didn't make much impression on Europe's maps, but its influence was wide-ranging.

Michael Broers July 24, 2020

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