Essays

Long-form writing from leading scholars and commentators on history, statecraft, warfare, philosophy and culture.

Prometheus sculpture on the Ahun mountain, Sochi, Russia.
essays

Why human agency matters

We live in an age that is deeply pessimistic about the human condition. But the retreat from human exceptionalism makes for both bad science and bad politics.

Kenan Malik March 16, 2021
Couples waltz during the 1994 Vienna Opera Ball
essays

The transformation of Mitteleuropa

In the decade following the fall of the Wall, Vienna went from Cold War staging post to modern European capital and change swept the entire region.

Richard Bassett March 12, 2021
Detail of the fresco by Ambrogio Lorenzetti of 'Good Government' in the Sala della Pace in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena.
essays

In defence of the city-state

The early modern Italian republics are often portrayed as models of bad government. But the fusion of civic humanism and Christianity they championed endures to this day.

Maurizio Viroli March 10, 2021
In 1877 the nationally revered hero of the Meiji Restoration, Saigo Takamori, rebelled against the government that he had helped to establish. Here his samurai army was eventually defeated by the government's modern conscript army
essays

Rethinking the Meiji Restoration

The Japanese once celebrated the Meiji period as an optimistic and outward-looking era. But relative decline has led Japan's youth to embrace 'hikikomori', a philosophy of national..

Naoki Sakai March 5, 2021
Saudi Aramco's Shayba oilfields in the desert dunes of Saudi Arabia. Credit: Simon Dawson / Bloomberg via Getty Images.
essays

The geopolitical fight to come over green energy

The struggle for sustainable energy will soon put China, the US and Europe on a geopolitical collision course. But moving away from fossil fuels is a Herculean task, and a greener ..

Helen Thompson March 5, 2021
John Perry Barlow (centre, with beard) speaks with Bill Gates at the Annual PC Forum, 1991.
essays

John Perry Barlow and the struggle for the independence of cyberspace

In 1996 John Perry Barlow penned his 'Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace'. The war between politicians and tech-idealists had just begun.

Andrew Keen February 26, 2021
Ex-Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev with Polish President Lech Walesa
essays

Russia and the West – the path not taken

The collapse of the Soviet Union drew back the Iron Curtain, integrating Eastern Europe in the Western order. Although Russia remained out in the cold, this was not inevitable. For..

Sergey Radchenko February 23, 2021
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) in his signature red shirt, gazing towards his beloved Italy from a cliff edge on the island of Caprera off the coast of Sicily. Illustration c1920. Credit: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images
essays

Finding Garibaldi

Garibaldi's retreat to his home in Caprera spawned a liberal-nationalist ideal of statesmanship that would live long in the European imagination.

Lucy Riall February 18, 2021
RAF Fylingdales
essays

Rewiring the world

Throughout history, technological change has operated within established geopolitical patterns. Today’s tech revolution is tipped to transcend those boundaries and transform intern..

Brendan Simms & Constance Simms February 17, 2021

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