Essays

Long-form writing from leading scholars and commentators on history, statecraft, warfare, philosophy and culture.

The Council of Chalcedon of 451 is presented as a successful attempt to homogenise the Christian faith. The reality is far more complicated.
essays

Reassessing Christian history

While Christianity may strive to sing in a single voice, no one modern denomination ought to claim a monopoly on the truth. The religion's history is in fact far more eclectic.

Diarmaid Macculloch November 29, 2021
Primitive stone age tools, found in the Makgadikgadi Pan in Botswana.
essays

Why 16 billion cortical neurons are not enough

Humanity has come quite some way in the past 200,000 years but are we really anything more than primates with a few million more neurons than our closest relatives?

Suzana Herculano-Houzel November 22, 2021
history
essays

Why applied history matters

Forget the seduction of grand theories and presentist moral judgments. To learn the lessons of the past, the great foreign policy analysts of our age must rediscover the art of his..

Iskander Rehman November 20, 2021
Fortifications in the style of the French military engineer Sebastian de Vauban (1633-1701).
essays

On guard: the contemporary salience of military fortification

Fortresses, border walls and guard towers – today’s excessively guarded age is on a global scale far exceeding famous past efforts including that of Roman Emperor Hadrian and the G..

David J Betz November 19, 2021
Steatite bowl with mythological scenes from the Khafalji tribe, possibly of Elamite origin. The figure could be the goddess Inanna.
essays

Uruk and the origins of the sacred economy

Peering into the hearts and minds those living four thousand years ago is an impossible task. However, when it comes to the worship of the Mesopotamian goddess Inanna, it seems cle..

Daniel T Potts November 15, 2021
A 15th Century illustration from a Turkish manuscript depicting a surgical operation.
essays

From the Silk Road to the information superhighway

Globalisation may appear to be a cornerstone of modernity but humans have always both craved and feared connection, be it social, commercial, spiritual or scientific.

Peter Frankopan November 10, 2021
A variety of illustrations of birds native to Europe.
essays

Nature through the eyes of two Victorians: a birdwatcher and his big-game hunting brother

In light of the recent bird-watching revival, we should revisit the life of a champion birder, Edmund Selous, who watched humans as closely as birds, and noticed the bias we bring ..

Maria Golia November 4, 2021
Romulus and Remus, Rome's founding fathers depicted in the Duomo of Siena
essays

Roman geopolitics — an exercise in myth-making

Once established, Roman exceptionalism and empire needed to be justified and maintained. The practical application of mythology was one way in which this was achieved.

Richard Miles November 2, 2021
Czechoslovaks carry their national flag past a burning Soviet tank in Prague, 1968. The JIC failed to foresee Soviet retaliations to the mass protests
essays

The Joint Intelligence Committee: Reading the Russian mindset

During the Cold War, the British Joint Intelligence Committee was charged with forecasting the actions of states behind the Iron Curtain and the rest of the world. Its record was p..

Michael Goodman October 29, 2021

Download The Engelsberg
Ideas app

The world in your pocket. The app brings together – in one place – our essays, reviews, notebooks, and podcasts.

Download here