Essays

Long-form writing from leading scholars and commentators on history, statecraft, warfare, philosophy and culture.

hippopotamus by jesuit in china flora and fauna
essays

The story of the Jesuits — how the Society of Jesus charted the world

As Jesuit missionaries spread further across the globe, the order's founder wanted to ensure that its members remained connected. The result of this was an unparalleled network of ..

M.Antoni J. Ucerler, S.J. December 20, 2021
Anti-government protesters celebrate on a tank in Tahrir Square, Cairo, on the first full day of the square's occupation in January 2011.
essays

How US policy failure post-9/11 undermined international order

The US once enjoyed the esteemed position of being the 'city on the hill', a beacon of hope and an example to the rest of the world. Post-9/11, however, the superpower's conduct in..

Emma Sky December 13, 2021
After the Columbian epoque, the centre of geopolitics became Eurasia.
essays

The Eurasian Century, Part I: What Mackinder Knew

Sir Halford Mackinder believed that major showdowns in international affairs of the 20th century would revolve over control of the Eurasian continent and its maritime approaches. H..

Hal Brands December 6, 2021
German historical postcard. Translation: "Our battle-fleet on the high seas, in battle". Credit: Max Right / Alamy Stock Photo
essays

The Eurasian Century, Part II: The Great Black Tornado

Germany’s drive for dominance unleashed the great black tornado of the First World War. Only a global coalition, including the US, could hold Eurasia in balance.

Hal Brands December 6, 2021
Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet at the Yalta conference in 1945. Credit: Wikipedia Commons
essays

The Eurasian Century, Part III: The Totalitarian Challenge

The Second World War showed that the difficulties of blunting Eurasian challenges early could be severe—but that the price of rolling them back later could be far worse

Hal Brands December 6, 2021
The fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989. Credit: Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo / Alamy Stock Photo
essays

The Eurasian Century, Part IV: Cold War

An authoritarian, expansionist Soviet Union represented the heartland threat Mackinder had long foreseen. But ironically, his insights birthed a strategy for containing that threat..

Hal Brands December 6, 2021
A 2013 poster of Xi Jinping which includes an aerial view of the disputed Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands and China's first aircraft carrier the Liaoning. Credit: Pictorial Press Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo
essays

The Eurasian Century, Part V: Beijing’s Gambit

In many ways, Xi Jinping’s China is a state like no other. But its ambitions for global supremacy are but a new twist on a familiar problem – and are eliciting a familiar response ..

Hal Brands December 6, 2021
The Council of Chalcedon of 451 is presented as a successful attempt to homogenise the Christian faith. The reality is far more complicated.
essays

Reassessing Christian history

While Christianity may strive to sing in a single voice, no one modern denomination ought to claim a monopoly on the truth. The religion's history is in fact far more eclectic.

Diarmaid Macculloch November 29, 2021
Primitive stone age tools, found in the Makgadikgadi Pan in Botswana.
essays

Why 16 billion cortical neurons are not enough

Humanity has come quite some way in the past 200,000 years but are we really anything more than primates with a few million more neurons than our closest relatives?

Suzana Herculano-Houzel November 22, 2021

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